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common rock thrush
The common rock thrush (''Monticola saxatilis''),〔(English Name Updates - IOC Version 2.9 (July 10, 2011) ), IOC World Bird List〕 formerly rufous-tailed rock thrush or rock thrush, is a chat belonging to the family Muscicapidae. It was formerly placed in the family Turdidae.
It breeds in southern Europe across central Asia to northern China. This species is strongly migratory, all populations wintering in Africa south of the Sahara. It is an uncommon visitor to northern Europe. Its range has contracted somewhat at the periphery in recent decades due to habitat destruction. For example, in the early 20th century it bred in the Jura Krakowsko-Częstochowska (Poland) where none occur today,〔Tomek, Teresa & Bocheński, Zygmunt (2005): Weichselian and Holocene bird remains from Komarowa Cave, Central Poland. ''Acta zoologica cracoviensia'' 48A(1-2): 43-65. (PDF fulltext )〕 but it is not considered globally endangered.〔
==Description==
This is a medium-sized but stocky thrush 17–20 cm in length. The summer male is unmistakable, with a blue-grey head, orange underparts and outer tail feathers, dark brown wings and white back. Females and immatures are much less striking, with dark brown scaly upperparts, and paler brown scaly underparts. The outer tail feathers are reddish, like the male.〔Clement, Peter & Hathaway, Ren (2000): ''Thrushes''. Christopher Helm, London. ISBN 0-7136-3940-7〕
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